Introduction of criminal justice :BOHM, Robert M : McGraw:hill, New york, 2005

Introduction of criminal justice :BOHM, Robert M : McGraw:hill, New york, 2005

·         System of Criminal justice=

1.       Police

2.       Courts

3.       Correction

·         Violent crimes : crimes that involve force or threat of force

1.       Murder :  the unlawful killing of another human being with malice aforethought

2.       Manslaughter : the unlawful killing of another human being without melice aforethought

3.       Forcible rape :the act of having sexul intercourse with a woman, by force and against her will.

4.       Robbery : theft from a person, accompained by violence, threat of violence, or putting the person in fear.

5.       Kidnapping : the unlawful taking and crayying away of a human being by force and against her will.

·         8 index crimes :

1.       Murder and nonnegligent

2.       Manslaughter                                           

3.       Forcible rape                                              violent crime

4.       Robbery

5.       Aggravited assault

6.       Burglary

7.       Larceny-theft

8.       Motor vehicle theft                                 property crime

9.       Arson

·         Two types of law:

1.       Criminal law

2.       Civil law

·         Criminal law :

1.       Substantive law

2.       Procedural law

·         5 general types of penal sanction :

1.       Punishment

Prevent undesired conduct

2.       Restitution

Make the victim “whole again” by having the offender directly or indirictly pay the victim.

3.       Compansation

Make the victim “whole again” by having the state pay for demages to the victim

4.       Regulation

Control future conduct toward the best interest of the community

5.       Trethment or rehabilitation

Change the offender’s behavior and perhaps personality.

·         Penal sanction : an ideal characteristic of criminal law: the principle that violators will be punished or at least threatened with punishment by the state.

·         People sometimes forget that criminal law is a political phenomenon.

Criminal law is the result of a political process in which rules are created by human beings to prohibit or regulate the behavior of other human beings.

·         The development american law enforcement

Law enforcement america is fragmention, locally controlled, and limited in authority.

American at first adopted the british system of community protection.

·         Police function :

a)      Patrol

b)      Investigation

c)       Traffic

d)      Drug enforcement

Criminology and the criminal justice system

Criminology and the criminal justice system

Adler, freda :Mc-Graw Hill, New York, 2004

·         Wheel of Terorism :

1.       Illiccit drug trafficking

2.       Money loundering

Example: bribery, black-market activities, corruption, extortion, and embezzlement.

It appers that terorism has benefit greatly from this criminal activities.

3.       Infiltration of legal business

4.       Computer crime

5.       Illicit arms trafficking

6.       Trafficking in person

7.       Thelft (destruction ) cultural

·         Criminiology is the body of knowladge regarding crime as a social phenomenon.

·         Criminology is a politically sensitive dicipline.

·         The objective of criminology is the developmentof a body of general and verified principles and of other types of knowladge regarding this process of law, crime, and treatment or prevention.

·         A crime is any human conduct that violetes a criminal law and is subject to punishment

·         The concept of crime

·         Ahli-ahli sociological theories of criminal behavior :

1.       Gabriel tread

2.       Emile durkheim

·         Explanation of crime and criminal behavior

·         Three basic principles still appeal to psychologists who study crimminallty :

1.       The action and behavior of an adult are understood in terms of childhood development

2.       Behavior and unconcius motives are intertwined, and their interaction must be unraveled if we are understand criminallity

3.       Criminlitty is essential a representation of psychological conflict.

·         The ingredients of crime :

1.       The act requirement

An act requires the interaction of mind and body, if only the mind is active and the body does not move, we dont have an act.

2.       The legality requirement

Thus we have the ancient proposition that only conduct that has been made criminal by law before an act is commited can be a crime.

3.       The harm requirement

4.       The causation requirement

Holds that a crime is not complete unless the actor’s conduct necesserily caused the harm without interference by somebody else and that it is the proximate cause of the act.

5.       The mens rea requirement

Mens rea = guilty mind

Strict liability is an excseption to thr mens rea.

The fact that the actor makes an innocent mistake and proceeds in good faith does not affect criminal liability.

6.       The concurrence requirement

The criminal act must be accompained by an equally criminal mind.

7.       The punishment requirement

The last ingredient needed to constitute a crime

·         The act is fundamental ingredient

·         Typologies of crime:

1.        Violent crime

2.       Crimes againts property

3.       White-collar and corporate crime

4.       Drug, alcohol, and sex-related crime

·         Measuring crime :

1.       Methods of collecting data

Ø  Primary data : the fact and observations researchers gather for the purpose of particular study.

Ø  Secondary data : those they find in government sources or data that were preveriously collected for a different investigation.

2.       Ethic and the researcher

Researcher are required to inform their subject about the nature orf the study and to obtain written and informed aggreementto participate.

·         The process of bringing crime to the attention of police :

1.       Act or situation

2.       Preception

3.       Definition

4.       Reporting

5.       Redefination

6.       Recording

·         Measuring characteristic of crime :

1.       Crime trends

One of the most important characteristic of any crime is how often it is commited.

2.       Location and time of crimical acts

Statistic on the characteristics of crime are important not only to criminologist who seek to know how to prevent it.

Most crimes are commited an large urban areas rather than in small cities, suburbs, or rural areas.

3.       Severity of crime

Legislation sets a standard of severity by the punishments it attaches to various crimes.

4.       Age and crime

Crime decrease with age, the researcher add, even emong people who commit request offense. Thus differences in crime rates found among young people of various group, such as males and females or lower class and middle class, will be maintained throughout the life cycle.

5.       Gender and crime

Males commit more offenses than female

Gender differences in crime may be narrowing, they demonstrate rthat pattern and cause of male and female delinquent activity are becoming more like.

Women traditionality have had such low crime rates, the scientific community and the mass media had generelly ignored the subject of female criminality.

6.       Social class and crime

Disagree that whether social class is related to crime.

7.       Race and crime

·         A criminologycal approach to the criminal justice system : procces and decision : the stage of the criminal justice system:

1.       Entry into the system

Three kinds:

Ø  Decisions victims : begins when a crime becomes known to the police.

Ø  Decisions by the police : once information about a possible crime has come to the attention of the police.

Ø  Legal criteria

2.       Prosecution and pretrial service

3.       Adjudication decisions

4.       Sentencing  decisions

5.       Corrrection decisions

6.       Diversion out of the system

·         Theory2 :

ü  Strain theory

1.       Merton’s theory of anomie

2.       Modes of adaptation

3.       Tests of merton’s theory

4.       General strain theory

ü  Cultural devience theories

1.       The nature of cultural devience

2.       Social disorganization theory

3.       Differential association theory

4.       Culture conflict theory

Membongkar kejahatan internasional

John perkins.

Membongkar kejahatan jaringan internasional: ufuk press. Jakarta. 2009

·         John perkins mengungkapkan kegiatan yang dilakoninya sehari-hari untuk memperkosa dan menjarah dunia ketiga. “indonesia akan menjadi korban pertamaku” kata perkins.

·         Menyuguhkan narasi yang mencengangkan sekaligus meresahkan mengenai sepak terjang pemerintah amerika serikat dalam mendukung bisnis di negaranya, namun memicu kekisruhan di seantero dunia

·         Mengungkapkan kejahatan korporatoraksi (jaringan yang bertujuan memetik laba melalui cara korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme dari negara-negara dunia ketiga, termasuk di indonesia

·         Perjalanan tugas perkins:

1.       Membuat laporan-laporan fiktif untuk imf dan World Bank agar mengucurkan utang luar negeri kepada negara-negara dunia ketiga.

2.       Membangkrutkan negeri penerima utang

·         John perkins adalah seorang bandits ekonomi : untuk mengubah dunia kita harus mengubah korpotoraksi, kita harus berhenti membiarkan segelintir orang itu terus menentukan nasib planet kita.

http://wwwterrorism.com/index.shtml

http://www.ict.org.il/

http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/

http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook      : more about the criminal juctice system, its carakteristics, its function, its coast, its impact so on.

http://www.utm.edu/reserch/iep/b/beccaria.htm

http://durkheim.itgo.com/religion.html      :to know durkheim

www.streetgangs.com/bibliography/gangbib.html   :about street crimes